Private Health Clubs - Cost model, September 1998 | Features

Typical health and fitness club sizes
Type of club	Development size (m2)
Hotel health and fitness centre	450-800
Independent town centre health club	500-1400
Town centre health and fitness club	950-2500
Out-of-town health and fitness club	3200-4200
Out-of-town health, fitness and racquet club	up to 9500

Indicative annual energy consumption
精东影视 type	Energy conumption (kWh/m2 per annum)
fgsa	Good	Average	Poor
Air-conditionied office	<225	225-360	>360
Dry sports hall	<200	200-340	>340
Sports facility including pool	<570	570-840	>840
Swimming pool	<1050	1050-1390	>1390
Source: Sports Council

Environmental services design criteria
Functional area	Internal design temperature (掳C)	Ventilation rate (air changes/hr)	Lighting level (lux)
Gym	20	08-Dec	300
Dance Studio	22	08-Dec	300
Training pool	27	20	200
Leisure pool	32	20	200
Changing area	22	20	150
WCs	18	6	150
Treatment rooms	21	6	300
Source : CIBSE

Indicative costs: equipment
Equipment	Cost per item (拢)
Gym equipment	听
Resistance training (eg multigym, Nautilus)	1500-2500
Cardiovascular training	听
Treadmills	3000-6000
Rowing machines	1000-3500
Step machines	1500-4000
Bikes	2500-5500
Cardio theatre (TV monitor and multichannel sound)	15 000-20 000
Health and leisure equipment	听
Steam rooms	听
7-10 persons	8000-12 000
15-20 persons	13 000-20 000
Saunas	2500-5000
Spa pool	15 000-20 000
Sun beds	8000-14 000
Gym equipment is typically replaced on a three- to five-year cycle. Equipment can also be leased. Estimates for equipment budgets should be prepared on the basis of an allowance of one machine per 8-10 m2 of gym floor area.

Indicative construction costs of health and fitness centres
Development type	Indicative area (m2)	Cost (拢/m2 gross)
Out-of-town health and fitness centre (including pool)	3200-4200	听
Shell	听	250-350
Fit-out	听	550-850
Town-centre health and fitness centre (excluding pool)	950-2500	听
Fit-out	听	800-1250
Leisure centre extension to existing hotel (including pool)	450-800	1250-1750
Conversion of office space into fitness centre (excluding pool)	100-200	听
Limited services modifications	听	1200-1500
Extensive services modifications	听	1400-1700
Costs are at August 1998 price levels based on a South-east location. Preliminaries are included but gymnasium equipment, contingencies and allowances for the cost of site abnormals are excluded. Costs also exclude car prking, external works and services, professional fees, development on-coss and VAT.

Cost breakdown
听	Element cost (拢)	Cost /m2 gfa (拢)	% of total cost
Substructure	312 600	84.49	8.99
Foundations; isolated pad foundations	听	50 nr @	拢400
Ground slab; 150 mm thick reinforced insitu concrete bed, hardcore; damp-proof membrane; below slab drainage; includes thickening to perimeter	听	2665 m2 @	拢65
Extra for forming swimming-pool tank; excavation; retaining walls, ducts, drainage, etc	听	480 m2 @	拢250
Frame	239 600	64.76	6.89
Structural steel framing; portal frame; windbracing; allowance based on 35 kg/m2	听	130 t @	拢1,100
Allowance for trimming steelwork to mezzanine and upper floor plant room areas	听	25 t @	拢1,250
Cold-rolled galvanised steel roof purlins; 1.6 m centres; 4.5 kg/m average weight	听	1900 m @	拢6
Cold-rolled galvanised steel sheeting rails; 1.6 m centres; 5 kg/m average weight	听	650 m @	拢6
Intumescent paint finish; one-hour fire resistance; moisture-resistant finish to pool area	听	2000 m2 @	拢25
Upper floors	54 800	14.81	1.57
Insitu concrete composite floor slabs; power floating	听	990 m2 @	拢50
Extra for 7.5 kN/m2 floor loading to plant room areas	听	550 m2 @	拢5
Facia detail to exposed edge of mezzanine floor slab	听	50 m2 @	拢50
Roof	221 100	59.76	6.36
Roof cladding; colour-coated galvanised steel sandwich panels; 60 mm thick urethane insulation	听	2950 m2 @	拢50
Extra for 7.5 kN/m2 floor loading to plant room areas	听	550 m2 @	拢5
Facia detail to exposed edge of mezzanine floor slab	听	50 m @	拢50
Stairs	35 300	9.54	1.01
Steel feature stair and half landing; overall rise 3.50 m; polyester powder-coated mild steel balusters; stainless steel handrails; finishes	听	1 nr @	拢10 000
Insitu concrete stairs and half landing; overall rise 3.50 m; polyester-coated, mild steel handrails; finishes	听	2 nr @	拢4,500
Balustrade and handrail to mezzanine; polyester powder-coate mild steel balusters, stainless steel handrail	听	18 m @	拢350
Allowance for access platforms and stairs to plant rooms	听	Item @	拢10 000
External walls	95 500	25.81	2.75
Wall cladding; colour-coated galvanised steel sandwich panels; 60 mm thick urethane insulation; flashings; accessories	听	295 m2 @	拢60
Cavity wall; fair-faced architectural blockwork; cavity; insulation; 140 mm blockwork inner leaf; windposts etc	听	740 m2 @	拢85
Louvre panels; powder-coated aluminium	听	30 m2 @	拢250
140 mm thick blockwork backing to wall cladding; windposts	听	295 m2 @	拢25
Windows and external doors	89 700	24.24	2.58
Aluminium-framed; thermally broken windows; sealed double-glazed units with body tinted outer pane; polyester powder coating	听	235 m2 @	拢300
Aluminium-framed shopfront; sealed double-glazed units with body-tinted outer pane; polyester powder coating; 2 nr entrance door sets; ironmongery	听	20 m2 @	拢600
Aluminium double doors and frames; powder-coated; vision panels; ironmongery	听	6 nr @	拢1,200
Internal walls and partitions	151 100	40.84	4.35
Blockwork partitions; 140 mm average thickness	听	1500 m2 @	拢22
Metal stud partitions; two layers wall board each side; insulation	听	720 m2 @	拢35
Aluminium framed glazed partition; single-glazed units with toughened safety glass; manifestation marking	听	265 m2 @	拢280
Extra for sealed double-glazed units to pool area	听	165 m2 @	拢50
Toilet cubicle partitions	听	13 nr @	拢650
Melamine-faced solid laminate access ducting	听	20 m @	拢100
Internal doors	71 500	19.32	2.06
Flush doors; fire-rated; solid core laminate/veneer-faced; hardwood frames; decorations; ironmongery; complete	听	60 nr @	拢750
Flush doors; non-fire-rated; solid-core laminate/veneer-faced; hardwood frames; decorations; irnomongery; complete	听	30 nr @	拢650
Extra over aluminium-framed glazed partitions for doors and frames; ironmongery; complete	听	7 nr @	拢1,000
Wall finishes	68 300	18.46	1.96
Ceramic tiles; to blockwork or plasterboard	听	700 m2 @	拢45
Extra for sand cement backing to ceramic tiles; to blockwork	听	535 m2 @	拢8
13 mm two-coat lightweight plaster; two coats emulsion paint; to blockwork	听	1960 m2 @	拢10
Two coats emulsion paint; to blockwork	听	1130 m2 @	拢3
Extra for water resistant paint finish to pool hall	听	250 m2 @	拢2
Skim coat and two coats emulsion paint to plasterboard	听	410 m2 @	拢5
Waterproof render and mosaic tiles to pool tank sides	听	100 m2 @	拢70
Floor finishes	190 300	51.43	5.47
Sand cement screed; average 50 mm thick	听	2700 m2 @	拢8
Heavy-duty carpet tiles	听	1900 m2 @	拢35
Painted hardwood skirting	听	700 m @	拢10
Timber strip flooring; to reception and bar etc; including skirtings	听	190 m2 @	拢55
Semi-sprung beech strip flooring to aerobics room; including skirtings	听	100 m2 @	拢65
Ceramic tiles to dry changing areas; including ceramic coved skirting	听	150 m2 @	拢50
Non-slip ceramic tiles to wet changing areas and pool surround; including ceramic coved skirting	听	320 m2 @	拢65
Extra for edge tile and grating to pool perimeter	听	75 m @	拢110
Allowance for drainage gullies and gratings to wet change areas	听	Item @	拢2,000
Waterproof render and mosaic tiles to pool tank base; including lane markings etc	听	310 m2 @	拢75
Granolithic to plant rooms; skirting	听	510 m2 @	拢25
Mats and matwells	听	Item @	拢5,000
Ceiling finishes	69 500	18.78	2
Acoustic sof lining to pool and gym	听	1750 m2 @	拢20
Suspended ceilings; mineral-fibre tiles; lay in grid; generally	听	1270 m2 @	拢25
Extra over suspended ceilings for moisture-resistant tiles to changing areas	听	440 m2 @	拢5
Extra over suspended ceilings for acoustic tiles to aerobic room	听	100 m2 @	拢5
Furniture and fittings	289 600	78.27	8.33
(Excluding allowances for gymnasium equipment, loose furniture, catering equipment, loose office furniture, fittings and equipment, music and TV installations)	听	听	听
Reception desk; turnstile entry control	听	Item @	拢18 000
Bar counter and back bar units; roller grilles	听	Item @	拢25 000
Vanitory units; mirrors; fittings etc to changing areas	听	Item @	拢20 000
Benches to changing areas	听	Item @	拢5,000
Lockers	听	400 nr @	拢200
Composite safety mirrors to exercise areas	听	150 m2 @	拢220
Ballet barre; to aerobics studio	听	12 m @	拢300
Allowance for signage, banners, graphics etc to exercise, pool and circulation areas	听	Item @	拢50 000
Allowance for supervisor's workstations; noticboards etc, to exercise areas	听	Item @	拢10 000
Allowance for fittings to creche	听	Item @	拢10 000
Allowance for fixed furniture, noticeboards etc to office areas	听	Item @	拢10 000
Allowance for fittings to pool; steps; pool cover; skimmers; pacer clocks etc	听	Item @	拢20 000
Allowance for internal planting	听	Item @	拢5,000
Sanitary fittings	36 400	9.84	1.05
WCs, urinals, washhand basins; generally	听	32 nr @	拢300
Extra for fittings for disabled WCs	听	2 nr @	拢100
Showers; cabinets, trays, fittings	听	24 nr @	拢1,000
Cleaners sinks	听	3 nr @	拢350
Drinking water fountain	听	6 nr @	拢250
Disposal installations	22 000	5.95	0.63
Rainwater disposal; cast iron downpipes and fittings	听	3700 m2 @	拢2.50
Waste, soil and vent installation; uPVC pipework and fittings	听	73 nr @	拢175
Water installations	34 800	9.41	1
Hot and cold water service; calorifiers; hot and cold water storage; distribution to WCs, changing areas, water fountains etc	听	116 nr @	拢300
Space heating and air treatment	435 200	117.62	12.52
Gas installation	听	Item @	拢10 000
Low-temperature hot-water heating; boiler plant serving swimming pool and space heating; flues; pumps and valves; distribution within plant rooms; insulation	听	3700 m2 @	拢20
Chilled water installation; chiller; pressurisation unit; pumps and valves; distribution within plant rooms; insulation and trace heating	听	3700 m2 @	拢10
Supply and extract ventilation to gym; air-handling unit with heating and cooling batteries; high-level, low-velocity ductwork; diffusers	听	1250 m2 @	拢65
Supply and extract ventilation to pool; air-handling unit with heating battery and heat recovery; high-level, low-velocity ductwork; diffusers	听	480 m2 @	拢90
Supply and extract ventilation; heating and comfort cooling to cellular spaces; air-handling units with heating and cooling batteries; ductwork; insulation; grilles and diffusers	听	1270 m2 @	拢110
Extra for changing room and toilet extract installation; allowance for steam room extract	听	Item @	拢25 000
Allowance for kitchen extract installation	听	Item @	拢15 000
Plant room ventilation; allowance for chemical extract	听	Item @	拢10 000
Electrical installations	245 800	66.43	7.07
Mains and sub-mains installation	听	Item @	拢50 000
Small power distribution	听	3700 m2 @	拢15
Lighting and luminaires to fitness area	听	1250 m2 @	拢30
Lighting and moisture resistant luminaires to pool hall	听	480 m2 @	拢25
Lighting and luminaires to aerobics and ancillary spaces	听	1780 m2 @	拢35
Emergency lighting installation	听	3700 m2 @	拢5
Power to mechanical services	听	Item @	拢10 000
Lift installations	18 000	4.86	0.52
Five-person, 430 kg hydraulic lift serving 2 nr floors; 0.3 m/s	听	Item @	拢18 000
Protective installations	9 300	2.51	0.27
Lightning protection	听	3700 m2 @	拢1.50
Earthing and bonding	听	3700 m2 @	拢1
Communications installations	127 000	34.32	3.65
Fire and smoke detection and alarm system	听	3700 m2 @	拢15
Public address system	听	3700 m2 @	拢5
TV installation; central aerial, wireways, points and wall mounting brackets (monitors excluded)	听	Item @	拢10 000
Intruder detection	听	3700 m2 @	拢1.50
Access control	听	Item @	拢5,000
CCTV system; 10 nr cameras	听	Item @	拢25 000
Wireways for telephones and data	听	3700 m2 @	拢2
Special installations	152 500	41.22	4.39
精东影视 management system	听	3700 m2 @	拢15
Pool filtration system; chlorine based	听	Item @	拢55 000
Steam rooms (2 nr)	听	Item @	拢30 000
Saunas (2 nr)	听	Item @	拢12 000
Builder's work in connection	54 000	14.59	1.55
Forming holes, chases etc: allow 5%	听	Item @	拢54 000
Preliminaries and contingencies	453 000	122.43	13.03
Contractor's overheads, site establishment and site supervision, excluding design fees; allow 10%	听	Item @	拢302 000
Contingency sum: allow 5%	听	Item @	拢151 000
Total construction cost - building only	3 476 900	939.69	100

Regional variations
The cost breakdown is based on a project in the South-east and should be adjusted by the following location factors for schemes in other regions.
Inner London	1.1
Outer London	1.04
South-west	0.95
East Midlands	0.93
West Midlands	0.95
East Anglia	0.95
Yorkshire and Humberside	0.93
North-west	0.98
North	0.93
Scotland	0.96
Wales	0.94
Northern Ireland	0.82

Alternative element specifications
听	Net extra cost/saving 拢/m2 gfa
Roof	听
Roof cladding; colour-coated galvanised profile steel sheet; mineral fibre insulation; coted liner sheet; including allowances for ridge, verges, eaves and gutters - 2950 m2 : 拢48	-14.5
Roof cladding; standing seam aluminium with nautral finish; insulatino; vapour barrier; colour-coated liner sheet; accessories - 2950 m2 @拢75	10.36
Additional cost of rooflights; polycarbonate; including forming and trimming opening; flashings etc - 150 m2 @ 拢250	11.7
Additional cost of rooflights; aluminium framed double glazed units; including forming and trimming opening; flashings etc - 150 m2 @ 拢350	16.39
External walls, windows and doors	听
Wall cladding; colour coated galvanised profiled steel sheet; mineral fibre insulation; coated liner sheet; flashings - 295 m2 @ 拢35	-2.3
Wall cladding; colour coated aluminium composite panel; flashings - 295 m2 @ 拢150	+8.29q
Cavity walling; facing brickwork (PC sum = 拢300/拢1000); cavity, insulation; 140 mm blockwork inner leaf; windposts etc - 740 m2 @ 拢80	-1.16
Finishes	听
Non-sprung timber strip flooring to gymnasia; concrete sealer to floor void - 1250 m2 @ 拢60	9.76
Mondoramaflex flooring to gymnasia - 1250 m2 @ 拢68	12.88
Omission of acoustic soffit lining to pool and gym - 1750 m2 @ 拢25	-13.66
Mechanical services installation	听
Supply and extract ventilation, heating and comfort cooling to cellualr spaces; four-pipe fan-coil installation - 1270 m2 @ 拢180	29.13

精东影视